Pegus News

Prepare for good grazing After a long winter horses will again be back on lush pastures. The transition from indoor feeding to grazing requires proper preparations, if you are to avoid digestive problems and maintain a good health. Needless to say, fences and gates must be in good technical condition. Take some time to tidy up the field. Remove accumulated trash (plastic, bottles, sharp items) that have “stranded” in the pasture during winter. Control the water supplies, and provide salt licks (sodium chloride). Horses should be wormed before they are…

Pasture grasses produce fructans as a storage carbohydrate. As the horse cannot digest the fructans enzymatically in the small intestine, they are digested by the microbes in the hind-gut, leading to production of volatile fatty acids and lactate. Increased lactate concentration lowers pH and alters the balance between the different strains of gut microbes. High intake of fructans can therefore lead to severe conditions as colic and laminitis in horses. What are fructans? Fructans consist of fructose units that are linked together. The chain length can vary from less than…

Among horse owners, there is a significant level of interest in the sugar content of hays and haylages. This is mainly because a high sugar content in forages can cause problems, especially for horses and ponies with diseases such as Cushings syndrome, insulin resistance and laminitis. Sugar analyses There are several different types of sugar analysis used by commercial labs. Their reports often make reference to what they term sugar. It is important however, that the methods they use should also be clearly indicated, to clarify which types of sugar…

Biotin is a B-vitamin and is often added to horse rations. For some horses it can improve the quality and growth of the hoof. Biotin plays an important role in intermediary metabolism. It is a co-enzyme and is involved in fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid metabolism, and metabolism of cholesterol and odd-chain fatty acids. Biotin is also essential for cell proliferation. Sources In the horse the gut microbes produce biotin and the concentration of biotin in the digesta increases in the hind-gut. Biotin is found in feeds commonly used…

Energy requirement for exercised horses… When horses are being exercised, their energy requirement increases and the amount of energy (MJ) in the ration has to be increased accordingly. It is difficult to accurately estimate the extra energy needed as a result of exercise, and several models have been proposed. Here we will describe how Pegus Horse Feeds uses PC-Horse to calculates the energy requirement of exercised horses.   What is exercise? Exercise can be defined as physical activity that increases oxygen consumption.This increase in oxygen consumption is dependent on the…

Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for the horse. However, the carbohydrates are a big family including a great variety of components from the simple sugars to the more complex starches and celluloses. The different carbohydrates are digested either enzymatically in the small intestine or fermented by intestinal microbes mainly in the hind-gut. Small intestinal digestion In the small intestine, sugar and starch is enzymatically broken down to simple sugars and absorbed to the blood as glucose (blood sugar). Here it is transported to the liver, muscles and other…

Potassium (K) is the mineral (ion) found in highest concentration in all cells in the bodies of humans and animals, as well as in the cells of plants. In blood and in the fluid surrounding cells, sodium (Na) dominates, and the concentration of potassium is low. Potassium and sodium are both positive ions, and in a complicated cooperation, the two cations ensure that nerves and muscles function normally. Potassium from feed is rapidly absorbed through the gut wall and transported by the blood stream to the cells. About 75% of…

  Adjusting rations for the mares in late pregnancy  At this time of year, many pregnant mares are in their last months of pregnancy. The foetus now increases its growth rate and demands more nutrients to support that growth. The mare has to deliver these nutrients to her foetus and her ration will have to be adjusted accordingly Foetal growth In the first 7 months of pregnancy, the foetus grows moderately and only reaches about 20% of its final birth weight. This means that the mare’s nutrient requirements in this…